Abstract

In today’s classrooms, especially across resource-constrained regions, the challenge of delivering hands-on science and technology education is more pressing than ever. Simulation-based learning (SBL) offers a powerful solution bridging the gap between theory and practice by recreating real-world scenarios in safe, accessible digital environments. This review explores how simulations enhance learners’ understanding of practical activities across disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, agriculture, and technical education. It also highlights how simulations foster entrepreneurial thinking by equipping learners with marketable skills in areas like solar installation, computer and phone repair, and digital fabrication. The paper examines the pedagogical foundations, benefits, emerging trends, and cutting-edge tools that are reshaping how we teach and learn. Ultimately, it advocates for a blended approach one that combines the immersive power of simulations with the irreplaceable value of hands-on experience.

Keywords

Simulation-based learning, Hands-on STEM education, Resource-constrained contexts, Technical and vocational skills, Blended learning, Educational technology